The proposed limits on greenhouse gases would harm the environment, hinder the advance of science and technology, and damage the health and welfare of mankind. Moreover, there is substantial scientific evidence that increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide produce many beneficial effects upon the natural plant and animal environments of the Earth. Please consider these materials carefully.
Research data on climate change do not show that human use of hydrocarbons is harmful. To the contrary, there is good evidence that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide is environmentally helpful. Increased carbon dioxide has, however, markedly increased plant growth rates. Predictions of harmful climatic effects due to future increases in minor greenhouse gases like CO2 are in error and do not conform to current experimental knowledge. Funding for the project comes entirely from private non- tax deductible donations by interested individuals.
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Pdf995 is the fast, affordable way to create professional-quality documents in the popular PDF file format. Manage your page to keep your users updated View some of our premium pages: google.com. Upgrade to a Premium Page. National Academy of Sciences. Why climate change will not dramatically decrease viticultural suitability in main wine-producing areas by 2050. Radon levels are significantly higher in indoor air compared to outdoor air. In Canada, radon can be found in new and older homes and public buildings, such as.
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After clicking one of the links below, please allow a few moments for the paper to download and activate the PDF Reader on your computer. Robinson, and Willie Soon Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, 2. Dick George Road, Cave Junction, Oregon 9. Increased carbon dioxide has, however, markedly increased plant growth. Predictions of harmful climatic effects due to future increases in hydrocarbon use and minor greenhouse gases like CO2 do not conform to current experimental knowledge. The environmental effects of rapid expansion of the nuclear and hydrocarbon energy industries are discussed. They feared that CO2 would result in . During the past 1. Kyoto treaty. Additional experimental data have now been obtained, so better answers to the questions raised by the hypothesis of . The horizontal line is the average temperature for this 3,0. Orthographic projection centred on the Prince Edward Islands. Geography; Location: Indian Ocean: Coordinates: Coordinates: Area: 335 km 2 (129 sq mi). Petition Project - Global Warming Petition Project. Letter from Frederick Seitz. Research Review of Global Warming Evidence. Enclosed is a twelve-page review of. Gmail is email that's intuitive, efficient, and useful. 15 GB of storage, less spam, and mobile access. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research. The Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Optimum were naturally occurring, extended intervals of climate departures from the mean. It is currently increasing as the Earth recovers from a period that is known as the Little Ice Age, as shown in Figure 1. George Washington and his army were at Valley Forge during the coldest era in 1,5. The principal source of melt energy is solar radiation. Variations in glacier mass and length are primarily due to temperature and precipitation (5,6). This melting trend lags the temperature increase by about 2. Hydrocarbon use could not have caused this shortening trend. The most recent part of this warming period is reflected by shortening of world glaciers, as shown in Figure 2. Glaciers regularly lengthen and shorten in delayed correlation with cooling and warming trends. Shortening lags temperature by about 2. Solar irradiance correlates well with Arctic temperature, while hydrocarbon use (7) does not correlate. Atmospheric temperature is regulated by the sun, which fluctuates in activity as shown in Figure 3; by the greenhouse effect, largely caused by atmospheric water vapor (H2. O); and by other phenomena that are more poorly understood. While major greenhouse gas H2. O substantially warms the Earth, minor greenhouse gases such as CO2 have little effect, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The 6- fold increase in hydrocarbon use since 1. Comprehensive surveys of published temperature records confirm the principal features of Figure 1, including the fact that the current Earth temperature is approximately 1 . The slope of the least- squares trend line for this 1. This temperature change is slight as compared with other natural variations, as shown in Figure 6. Three intermediate trends are evident, including the decreasing trend used to justify fears of . This is in good agreement with estimates that Earth's temperature would be reduced by 0. National Climatic Data Center, U. S. Department of Commerce 2. Climate Review (2. The trend shows an increase in rainfall of 1. Sea level has trended upward for the past 1. Figure 1. 1. These features are confirmed by the glacier record as shown in Figure 1. If this trend continues as did that prior to the Medieval Climate Optimum, sea level would be expected to rise about 1 foot during the next 2. Hydrocarbon use could not have caused these trends. National Climatic Data Center, U. S. Department of Commerce 2. Climate Review (2. During this period, world hydrocarbon use increased 6- fold, while violent tornado frequency decreased by 4. During the past 5. CO2 has increased by 2. Much of that CO2 increase is attributable to the 6- fold increase in human use of hydrocarbon energy. Figures 2, 3, 1. 1, 1. Atmospheric CO2 fertilizes plants. Higher CO2 enables plants to grow faster and larger and to live in drier climates. Plants provide food for animals, which are thereby also enhanced. The extent and diversity of plant and animal life have both increased substantially during the past half- century. Increased temperature has also mildly stimulated plant growth. Line is drawn at mean value. Does a catastrophic amplification of these trends with damaging climatological consequences lie ahead? There are no experimental data that suggest this. There is also no experimentally validated theoretical evidence of such an amplification. The empirical evidence . Indeed, during four of the seven decades since 1. CO2 levels steadily increased, U. S. While CO2 levels have increased substantially and are expected to continue doing so and humans have been responsible for part of this increase, the effect on the environment has been benign. This civilization has already brought unprecedented prosperity to the people of the more developed nations. Billions of people in the less developed nations are now lifting themselves from poverty by adopting this technology. There is no upward trend in either of these records. During this period, world hydrocarbon use increased 6- fold. Lines are mean values. Hydrocarbons are essential sources of energy to sustain and extend prosperity. This is especially true of the developing nations, where available capital and technology are insufficient to meet rapidly increasing energy needs without extensive use of hydrocarbon fuels. If, through misunderstanding of the underlying science and through misguided public fear and hysteria, mankind significantly rations and restricts the use of hydrocarbons, the worldwide increase in prosperity will stop. The result would be vast human suffering and the loss of hundreds of millions of human lives. Moreover, the prosperity of those in the developed countries would be greatly reduced. Satellite measurements are shown in gray and agree with tide gauge measurements. The overall trend is an increase of 7 inches per century. Intermediate trends are 9, 0, 1. This trend lags the temperature increase, so it predates the increase in hydrocarbon use even more than is shown. It is unaffected by the very large increase in hydrocarbon use. Mild ordinary natural increases in the Earth's temperature have occurred during the past two to three centuries. These have resulted in some improvements in overall climate and also some changes in the landscape, such as a reduction in glacier lengths and increased vegetation in colder areas. Far greater changes have occurred during the time that all current species of animals and plants have been on the Earth. The relative population sizes of the species and their geographical distributions vary as they adapt to changing conditions. Gray area designates estimated range of error in the sea level record. These measurements lag air temperature increases by about 2. So, the trends began more than a century before increases in hydrocarbon use. The temperature of the Earth is continuing its process of fluctuation in correlation with variations in natural phenomena. Mankind, meanwhile, is moving some of the carbon in coal, oil, and natural gas from below ground to the atmosphere and surface, where it is available for conversion into living things. We are living in an increasingly lush environment of plants and animals as a result. This is an unexpected and wonderful gift from the Industrial Revolution. During the time between 2. Earth was experiencing the . These colonies were abandoned after the onset of colder temperatures. For the past 2. 00 to 3. Earth temperatures have been gradually recovering (2. Sargasso Sea temperatures are now approximately equal to the average for the previous 3,0. Temperature records vary widely with geographical location as a result of climatological characteristics unique to those specific regions, so an . Each record was scored with respect to those queries to which it applied. The experimental and historical literature definitively confirms the primary features of Figure 1. The compiled and tabulated answers confirm the three principal features of the Sargasso Sea record shown in Figure 1. The probability that the answer to the query in column 1 is . A review of 2. 3 quantitative records has demonstrated that mean and median world temperatures in 2. Sea level and glacier length are shown minus 2. Solar activity, Northern Hemisphere temperature, and glacier lengths show a low in about 1. Temperature rose for a century before significant hydrocarbon use. Temperature rose between 1. Temperature then fell between 1. Also, the 1. 50 to 2. Warmer temperatures diminish glaciers and cause sea level to rise because of decreased ocean water density and other factors. Moreover, neither of these trends has accelerated during the period between 1. Sea level and glacier records are offset by about 2. Both the sea level and glacier trends . Job Interview Online Practice Tests. Get Prepared For Any Interviewin only 3. Because you may not have a lot of time to prepare, we've designed a focused interview tests to help get you interview- ready in 3. My interview was the next day and I wanted a quick, easy to use guide and this was perfect. 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